Euler's Eyes
2026-10-14
Image credits
Historical images
All come from Wikimedia Commons. We use the thumbnails provided by Commons, unedited. No portrait of Euclid was made in his lifetime; the images of him in circulation are inventions by much later artists.
- Oxyrhynchus papyrus with Proposition II.5, c. AD 100, University of Pennsylvania Museum: source page · public domain.
- Detail of the School of Athens, by Raphael, 1509–1511: source page · public domain.
- Proposition I.47 in Oliver Byrne’s edition, London, 1847, scan by Mirko Junge: source page · public domain.
- First printed edition of the Elements, Erhard Ratdolt, Venice, 1482, Folger Shakespeare Library: source page · CC BY-SA 4.0.
- Arabic edition of the Elements, version of Nasir al-Din al-Tusi, Rome, 1594, Houghton Library: source page · public domain.
Blog figures
The cover, the construction of the equilateral triangle, the figure for Pythagoras’s theorem and the one for completing the square are original illustrations, with versions in each of the site’s languages. The completing-the-square example, $x^2+10x=39$, and the exercise $x^2+8x=65$ come from this site’s old course on the quadratic formula, whose figures were redrawn; the examples 3, 4, 5 and 6, 8, 10 and the table of editions come from the old geometry and trigonometry courses.
Record
The file data/euclides_imagens.json records the source, licence, verification date and SHA-256 hash of each downloaded image. The historical sources for each topic appear at the end of each post.